Právnická angličtina — základy
Právnická angličtina sa objavuje v každodennom živote — pri podpisovaní nájomnej zmluvy, pracovnej zmluvy, poistenia alebo nákupe nehnuteľnosti. Táto lekcia pokrýva základnú právnu terminológiu a situácie, s ktorými sa bežne stretnete.
Základná právna slovná zásoba
| Anglicky | Slovensky | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| contract / agreement | zmluva | Sign the contract. |
| clause | klauzula, ustanovenie | Read clause 5 carefully. |
| terms and conditions | obchodné podmienky | Do you accept the terms? |
| party (to a contract) | zmluvná strana | Both parties must sign. |
| liability | zodpovednosť, ručenie | Limited liability company. |
| rights and obligations | práva a povinnosti | Know your rights. |
| breach of contract | porušenie zmluvy | This is a breach of contract. |
| penalty clause | penalizačná doložka | The penalty clause applies. |
| notice period | výpovedná lehota | The notice period is one month. |
| termination | ukončenie (zmluvy) | Termination of the agreement. |
| warranty / guarantee | záruka | The warranty covers 2 years. |
| dispute | spor | Settle a dispute. |
| compensation / damages | náhrada škody | Claim compensation. |
| consent | súhlas | Written consent is required. |
Pracovná zmluva — kľúčové pojmy
| Anglicky | Slovensky | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| employment contract | pracovná zmluva | Sign your employment contract. |
| probationary period | skúšobná doba | 3-month probationary period. |
| gross / net salary | hrubý / čistý plat | Gross salary is £35,000. |
| annual leave entitlement | nárok na dovolenku | 25 days' annual leave. |
| redundancy | nadbytočnosť (prepustenie) | Made redundant. |
| non-disclosure agreement (NDA) | dohoda o mlčanlivosti | Sign the NDA first. |
| intellectual property | duševné vlastníctvo | IP belongs to the employer. |
Nájomná zmluva — kľúčové pojmy
| Anglicky | Slovensky | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| tenancy agreement / lease | nájomná zmluva | Sign the tenancy agreement. |
| landlord / tenant | prenajímateľ / nájomca | Contact your landlord. |
| deposit / security deposit | kaucia | One month's deposit required. |
| rent | nájomné | Monthly rent is £800. |
| utilities included | energie v cene nájmu | Bills included in the rent. |
| inventory | inventárny súpis | Check the inventory on move-in. |
| eviction | vysťahovanie | Grounds for eviction. |
Bežné právne frázy
| Anglicky | Slovensky |
|---|---|
| I'd like to read through this before I sign. | Chcel by som si to prečítať pred podpisom. |
| Could you explain this clause? | Mohli by ste mi vysvetliť toto ustanovenie? |
| I'm not comfortable signing this without legal advice. | Nechcem toto podpísať bez právnej rady. |
| This needs to be in writing. | Toto musí byť písomne. |
| I'd like a copy of the signed agreement. | Chcel by som kópiu podpísanej zmluvy. |
| I'd like to consult my solicitor / lawyer first. | Najprv by som sa chcel poradiť so svojím právnikom. |
| This clause is non-negotiable. | Tato klauzula nie je predmetom rokovania. |
| We'd like to propose an amendment to clause 4. | Chceli by sme navrhnúť zmenu v bode 4. |
Vzorový dialóg — podpisovanie nájomnej zmluvy
Prenajímateľ:
So here's the tenancy agreement. It's a 12-month fixed-term contract. The rent is £850 per month, payable on the first of each month.
Vy:
I see. Could I ask — what's the notice period if I need to leave early?
Prenajímateľ:
There's a break clause at 6 months. You'd need to give two months' written notice.
Vy:
And what about the deposit — how much is it?
Prenajímateľ:
It's five weeks' rent — that's £981.25. It'll be protected in a government scheme.
Vy:
Could I take a copy of this to read through tonight before I sign? I'd like to check a few clauses.
Prenajímateľ:
Of course. That's perfectly reasonable. Let me know if you have any questions.
Najčastejšie chyby Slovákov
| Chyba | Správne |
|---|---|
| I sign the contract tomorrow. | I'll sign / I'm signing the contract tomorrow. (budúcnosť vyžaduje will alebo present continuous) |
| The contract is from January to December. | The contract runs from January to / until December. (runs from... to) |
| I have juridical problem. | I have a legal problem. (juridical sa nepoužíva v bežnej angličtine) |
| It is written in the contract that... | The contract states that... / According to the contract... (prirodzenejšie formulácie) |
