Slovosled v angličtine — pravidlá
Anglický slovosled je oveľa pevnejší ako slovenský. Kým v slovenčine môžeme poradie slov meniť podľa dôrazu, v angličtine existujú prísne pravidlá, a ich porušenie znie neanglicky alebo mení zmysel vety.
Základné pravidlo: SVOMPT
Anglická oznamovacia veta sa riadi pravidlom SVOMPT:
| S | V | O | M | P | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject Podmet | Verb Prísudok | Object Predmet | Manner Spôsob | Place Miesto | Time Čas |
| She | walked | — | quickly | to school | every morning. |
| He | sent | the report | — | to his boss | yesterday. |
| They | ate | dinner | quietly | at home | last night. |
Otázky — inverzia podmetu a slovesa
| Typ otázky | Štruktúra | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| Prítomný / minulý jednoduchý | Do / Does / Did + S + V | Do you speak English? |
| S „be" | Am / Is / Are / Was / Were + S | Are you a teacher? |
| S modálnym slovesom | Modal + S + V | Can she drive? |
| Predprítomný čas | Have / Has + S + V₃ | Have you seen this film? |
| S tázacím slovom | Wh- + aux + S + V | Where does he live? |
| „Who / What" ako podmet | Who / What + V (bez inverzie) | Who called you? |
Záporné vety
| Čas / typ | Záporná forma |
|---|---|
| Present / Past Simple | S + do not / don't / did not / didn't + V₁ She doesn't like coffee. He didn't go. |
| Be | S + am not / isn't / aren't / wasn't / weren't I'm not tired. They weren't home. |
| Present / Past Perfect | S + haven't / hasn't / hadn't + V₃ I haven't eaten yet. She hadn't arrived. |
| Modálne slovesá | S + can't / won't / shouldn't / mustn't + V₁ You mustn't park here. |
Poradie prídavných mien
Keď stojí vedľa seba viac prídavných mien, riadia sa pevným poradím:
| 1. Názor | 2. Veľkosť | 3. Vek | 4. Tvar | 5. Farba | 6. Pôvod | 7. Materiál | 8. Účel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beautiful, nice, lovely | big, small, large | old, young, new | round, square | red, blue, green | French, Slovak | wooden, metal | writing, cooking |
| Príklad | Poradie |
|---|---|
| a beautiful big old house | názor → veľkosť → vek |
| a small round wooden table | veľkosť → tvar → materiál |
| a lovely little French café | názor → veľkosť → pôvod |
| new blue Italian shoes | vek → farba → pôvod |
Umiestnenie prísloviek
| Typ príslovky | Umiestnenie | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| Frekvencia (always, often, never, usually) | Pred hlavným slovesom, ALE za „be" | She always eats breakfast. He is always late. |
| Spôsob (quickly, slowly, carefully) | Za slovesom alebo predmetom | He spoke quietly. She finished the work carefully. |
| Miesto (here, there, outside) | Na konci vety | She is waiting outside. |
| Čas (yesterday, soon, already) | Na začiatku alebo na konci vety | Yesterday I met him. I met him yesterday. |
| Stupeň (very, quite, really, too) | Pred prídavným menom / príslovkou | It was very cold. She drove too fast. |
Najčastejšie chyby Slovákov
| Chyba | Správne |
|---|---|
| I like very much English. | I like English very much. (príslovka miery ide za predmet, nie pred) |
| She has a big beautiful red ball. | She has a beautiful big red ball. (názor → veľkosť → farba) |
| Where you live? | Where do you live? (v otázke je potrebné pomocné sloveso) |
| She not eat meat. | She doesn't eat meat. (záporné vety vyžadujú don't / doesn't) |
| Always I go to school by bus. | I always go to school by bus. (príslovka frekvencie stojí pred hlavným slovesom) |
| He went yesterday to school quickly. | He went quickly to school yesterday. (spôsob → miesto → čas) |